Calluses are thickened layers of skin caused by repeated pressure or friction. A callus may develop on the soles of the feet in areas where pressure or friction occur. The thickening of the skin is a protective reaction designed to provide protection. People with bunions often develop a callus over the bunion because that part of the toe has become very prominent and rubs against the shoe.

Common Causes:
• High heeled shoes
• Mal-allignment of the metatarsal bones
• Abnormalities of walking pattern
• Flat feet and High arched feet
• Excessively long metatarsal bone
• Obesity
• Bony prominence
• Loss (atrophy) of fat pad on the underside of the foot
• Short Achilles tendon

Symptoms:
• Skin abnormalities: thick, hardened, flaky and dry
• Pain when walking

Possible Modalities:
• Functional custom made orthotic with soft top cover - Anti-shearing like Spenco or leather
• Functional custom made orthotic with sub metatarsal accommodation
• Functional custom made orthotic with metatarsal pads
• Excavation of orthotic
• Wedging
• Control range of motion at metatarsophalangeal joint